Melilla is a Spanish exclave and city on the North African Mediterranean coast with a land border with Morocco. The city is located on the Cabo de Tres Forcas peninsula and is surrounded by border fortifications. Melilla offers a rich history, architectural beauty and cultural diversity and is particularly known for its buildings in the Spanish Modernisme style.
Geographical location and affiliation
Melilla is located on the North African Mediterranean coast on the Cabo de Tres Forcas peninsula. Although Melilla is located in Africa, it belongs to Spain and therefore to the European Union. However, the city is not part of the Schengen area and is excluded from the customs territory of the Union. Melilla is surrounded by strong border fortifications; the nearest Moroccan city is Nador, about ten kilometers to the south.
History of Melilla
Melilla can look back on a long and eventful history. Since 1497, when the city was conquered by Spain, it has been under Spanish rule. Even after Morocco gained independence in 1956, the city remained under Spanish rule. The old town of Melilla, the Medina Sidonia, is recognized as a cultural asset (Bien de Interés Cultural) in the Conjunto histórico-artístico category, which underlines the historical and cultural importance of the city.
Architecture
After Barcelona and Madrid, Melilla is one of the cities with the most buildings in the Spanish modernist style. Many of these architectural masterpieces can be found in the rectangular streets of the new town and in the Plaza de España. These buildings from the last third of the 19th century and the first third of the 20th century characterize the cityscape and make the city a magnet for architecture and art lovers.
Sights and museums
In addition to the impressive architecture, Melilla also has numerous sights and museums to offer. The fortified old town, the Medina Sidonia, offers a unique insight into the history of the region, while the Museo de Arqueología e Historia de Melilla has a variety of exhibits on the history of the city. The Purísima Concepción church and the lighthouse are further attractions in the city.
Cultural diversity
Melilla is a melting pot of different cultures and religions and an example of peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between communities. This cultural diversity is reflected in the city's way of life, traditions, gastronomy and festivals and enriches Melilla's social and cultural life.